European data center hubs
Colocation, PPA, PUE, latency — per-city brief for every European data center hub.
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Paris — France
580 MW · PUE 1,30
Paris hosts 580 MW of data centers (PA1–PA12 Equinix, Interxion, Data4) on a 92% low-carbon nuclear-renewable mix. Solar/wind PPAs available at €65–78/MWh via RTE.
PPA 65–78 €/MWhLatency 0 ms - 🇩🇪
Frankfurt — Germany
850 MW · PUE 1,38
With 850 MW (FRA1–FRA13), Frankfurt is Europe's #1 data center hub thanks to DE-CIX, the world's largest IXP. TenneT offshore-wind PPA at €72–95/MWh.
PPA 72–95 €/MWhLatency 12 ms - 🇳🇱
Amsterdam — Netherlands
480 MW · PUE 1,32
Amsterdam hosts AMS-IX (28% of European Internet traffic) and 480 MW of data centers. >70 MW moratorium since 2022; Eemshaven (Google, Microsoft) absorbs growth with €60–78/MWh offshore-wind PPAs.
PPA 60–82 €/MWhLatency 8 ms - 🇮🇪
Dublin — Ireland
1200 MW · PUE 1,28
Dublin (DUB1–DUB8) hosts Microsoft, AWS, Google, Meta, Equinix — 1.2 GW installed, 21% of national consumption. EirGrid froze connections until 2028. New projects route to Cork and Galway.
PPA 85–110 €/MWhLatency 22 ms - 🇬🇧
London — United Kingdom
920 MW · PUE 1,35
Slough (LON1–8) and East London host 920 MW. National Grid ESO curtails 9 TWh/year of Scottish wind — PPAs available at £68–85/MWh routed to Slough via Eastern Green Link (2028).
PPA £68–95 /MWhLatency 6 ms - 🇪🇸
Madrid — Spain
340 MW · PUE 1,40
Madrid (MAD1–4) is exploding: Microsoft 1 GW, Meta Talavera 600 MW, AWS Aragón 2.5 GW. Andalusian solar at €45–54/MWh — the lowest prices in Europe.
PPA 45–60 €/MWhLatency 18 ms - 🇫🇷
Marseille — France
220 MW · PUE 1,32
Marseille connects 16 subsea cables (Asia, Africa, Middle East). 220 MW data centers (MRS1–MRS4 Interxion/Digital Realty). PACA solar PPA + Fos collective self-consumption.
PPA 60–75 €/MWhLatency 9 ms - 🇮🇹
Milan — Italy
280 MW · PUE 1,40
Milan (MIL1–5) attracts AWS, Google, Microsoft for €15B by 2028. Sicilian/Apulian solar PPA at €65–85/MWh via Terna.
PPA 65–85 €/MWhLatency 14 ms - 🇵🇱
Warsaw — Poland
180 MW · PUE 1,42
Warsaw (WAW1–4) rises as the CEE hub. Poland: 18 GW solar installed since 2020, PPA €58–75/MWh via PSE. Google announces a 200 MW campus in Mazowieckie.
PPA 58–75 €/MWhLatency 22 ms - 🇸🇪
Stockholm — Sweden
260 MW · PUE 1,11
Stockholm + Luleå host Meta, Microsoft, AWS for AI training. 100% hydro, year-round free-cooling (PUE 1.1), PPA at €38–52/MWh.
PPA 38–52 €/MWhLatency 28 ms - 🇳🇴
Oslo — Norway
140 MW · PUE 1,12
Oslo and the Norwegian west coast deliver Europe's greenest power (98% hydro). PPAs at €32–48/MWh, PUE 1.1 from free-cooling.
PPA 32–48 €/MWhLatency 30 ms - 🇫🇮
Helsinki — Finland
220 MW · PUE 1,15
Helsinki attracts Google, Microsoft and Meta thanks to Olkiluoto 3 (1.6 GW nuclear) and a 95% decarbonised Fingrid network. PPAs €35–55/MWh.
PPA 35–55 €/MWhLatency 32 ms - 🇩🇰
Copenhagen — Denmark
160 MW · PUE 1,18
Copenhagen runs on 67% wind in the Energinet mix, targeting 100% renewable by 2030. Apple, Meta and Microsoft have signed 3.4 GW of PPAs.
PPA 55–70 €/MWhLatency 26 ms - 🇨🇭
Zurich — Switzerland
190 MW · PUE 1,30
Zurich hosts Swiss financial-industry data centers. Swissgrid mix: 60% hydro + 30% nuclear. Valais hydro PPAs CHF 78–95/MWh.
PPA 78–95 CHF/MWhLatency 14 ms - 🇨🇭
Geneva — Switzerland
80 MW · PUE 1,32
Geneva powers CERN, UN, WHO and finance through SIG's 100% renewable grid (hydro + local solar). Hydro PPAs CHF 82–98/MWh.
PPA 82–98 CHF/MWhLatency 12 ms - 🇦🇹
Vienna — Austria
130 MW · PUE 1,33
Vienna bridges Western Europe and CEE. APG mix: 60% hydro + 25% renewable. Burgenland solar PPA at €62–82/MWh.
PPA 62–82 €/MWhLatency 16 ms - 🇧🇪
Brussels — Belgium
110 MW · PUE 1,36
Brussels hosts EU and NATO data centers. Elia connects 5.8 GW of North Sea offshore wind. PPAs €68–85/MWh.
PPA 68–85 €/MWhLatency 10 ms - 🇵🇹
Lisbon — Portugal
120 MW · PUE 1,38
Lisbon lands 8 Atlantic cables (Brazil, USA, Africa). Alentejo solar at €42–58/MWh via REN. Sines is emerging as Portugal's #2 data center hub.
PPA 42–58 €/MWhLatency 24 ms - 🇪🇸
Barcelona — Spain
150 MW · PUE 1,38
Barcelona hosts Equinix BA1–BA2 and lands 2Africa + MedNautilus cables. Aragón solar PPAs at €48–62/MWh via REE.
PPA 48–62 €/MWhLatency 20 ms - 🇫🇷
Lyon — France
120 MW · PUE 1,33
Lyon (LYS1–LYS2) leverages CNR hydro (3 GW) and RTE nuclear (92% low carbon). Hydro + solar PPAs at €60–75/MWh.
PPA 60–75 €/MWhLatency 6 ms - 🇩🇪
Berlin — Germany
220 MW · PUE 1,37
Berlin (BER1–BER5) is emerging as Germany's alternative data center hub to Frankfurt. 50Hertz grid 60% renewable. Brandenburg wind PPAs €65–88/MWh.
PPA 65–88 €/MWhLatency 8 ms - 🇩🇪
Munich — Germany
180 MW · PUE 1,35
Munich hosts BMW, Siemens, Allianz and their data infrastructure. TransnetBW grid. Bavarian solar PPAs €68–90/MWh.
PPA 68–90 €/MWhLatency 10 ms - 🇩🇪
Hamburg — Germany
160 MW · PUE 1,34
Hamburg combines subsea cable landings (Havfrue, AEC-2) and TenneT offshore wind (18 TWh/yr curtailed). PPAs €60–82/MWh.
PPA 60–82 €/MWhLatency 9 ms - 🇳🇱
Rotterdam — Netherlands
140 MW · PUE 1,30
Rotterdam combines world port, green hydrogen (Shell, BP) and Maasvlakte data centers. TenneT NL grid. Offshore wind PPAs €60–78/MWh.
PPA 60–78 €/MWhLatency 8 ms - 🇨🇿
Prague — Czechia
100 MW · PUE 1,40
Prague is emerging as a CEE hub. ČEPS grid, Temelín/Dukovany nuclear (40%), South Bohemia solar. PPAs €62–80/MWh.
PPA 62–80 €/MWhLatency 18 ms - 🇷🇴
Bucharest — Romania
80 MW · PUE 1,42
Bucharest is becoming a SE-EU hub. Transelectrica grid, 28% hydro + Cernavodă nuclear (18%). Hydro PPAs €55–72/MWh.
PPA 55–72 €/MWhLatency 28 ms - 🇬🇷
Athens — Greece
70 MW · PUE 1,45
Athens lands MedNautilus, 2Africa, EastMed. Peloponnese solar at €50–68/MWh via IPTO. Microsoft announced a €1B hub.
PPA 65–85 €/MWhLatency 32 ms - 🇮🇸
Reykjavik — Iceland
90 MW · PUE 1,08
Iceland delivers 100% renewable power (70% hydro + 30% geothermal). PUE 1.05 from climate. Landsvirkjun PPAs at €28–42/MWh.
PPA 28–42 €/MWhLatency 38 ms - 🇪🇪
Tallinn — Estonia
60 MW · PUE 1,40
Tallinn, e-gov pioneer, hosts blockchain and AI data centers. Elering grid, Baltic wind at €58–75/MWh.
PPA 58–75 €/MWhLatency 28 ms - 🇧🇬
Sofia — Bulgaria
50 MW · PUE 1,44
Sofia is emerging as a Balkans hub. Kozloduy nuclear (35%) + Thracian solar. ESO PPAs €52–68/MWh.
PPA 52–68 €/MWhLatency 30 ms - 🇭🇺
Budapest — Hungary
70 MW · PUE 1,41
Budapest serves as secondary CEE hub. Paks nuclear (48%), Alföld solar. MAVIR PPAs €60–78/MWh.
PPA 60–78 €/MWhLatency 20 ms - 🇱🇺
Luxembourg — Luxembourg
80 MW · PUE 1,34
Luxembourg concentrates Tier-IV finance data centers (SES, EBRC, LuxConnect). Creos grid, gas + green imports. PPAs €70–88/MWh.
PPA 70–88 €/MWhLatency 7 ms - 🇩🇪
Düsseldorf — Germany
180 MW · PUE 1,36
Düsseldorf and North Rhine-Westphalia offer a decongested alternative to Frankfurt. Onshore wind + offshore imports. PPAs €70–90/MWh.
PPA 70–90 €/MWhLatency 10 ms - 🇩🇪
Stuttgart — Germany
120 MW · PUE 1,38
Stuttgart serves the automotive industry (Mercedes, Porsche, Bosch) and hosts AI factories. Baden-Württemberg wind PPAs €72–92/MWh.
PPA 72–92 €/MWhLatency 12 ms - 🇩🇪
Cologne — Germany
95 MW · PUE 1,37
Cologne hosts media (RTL, Deutsche Welle) and e-commerce data centers. NRW wind PPAs €70–88/MWh, Amprion connection < 12 mo.
PPA 70–88 €/MWhLatency 11 ms - 🇩🇪
Leipzig — Germany
70 MW · PUE 1,35
Leipzig leverages reclaimed lignite sites turned solar plus Saxon wind. PPAs €65–82/MWh, EEX headquartered in Leipzig.
PPA 65–82 €/MWhLatency 15 ms - 🇬🇧
Manchester — United Kingdom
130 MW · PUE 1,40
Manchester relieves London for North UK workloads. Onshore wind + Irish import PPAs £75–98/MWh.
PPA 75–98 £/MWhLatency 5 ms - 🇬🇧
Edinburgh — United Kingdom
75 MW · PUE 1,28
Scotland generates > 100% of its consumption from renewables (wind). PPAs £62–82/MWh, free-cooling friendly climate.
PPA 62–82 £/MWhLatency 8 ms - 🇬🇧
Slough — United Kingdom
660 MW · PUE 1,42
Slough is the UK Frankfurt: 660 MW (LD4, LD8, Equinix LD), but SSEN announced a >25 MW grid connection moratorium until 2030.
PPA 85–110 £/MWhLatency 1 ms - 🇮🇪
Cork — Ireland
95 MW · PUE 1,32
Cork is the alternative to saturated Dublin. EirGrid still favourable >40 MW, Atlantic wind. PPAs €82–105/MWh.
PPA 82–105 €/MWhLatency 22 ms - 🇸🇪
Gothenburg — Sweden
120 MW · PUE 1,15
Gothenburg in SE3 zone delivers hydro + NO5 imports at €30–46/MWh, free-cooling 9 mo/yr. Volvo, Ericsson run AI workloads there.
PPA 30–46 €/MWhLatency 28 ms - 🇸🇪
Malmö — Sweden
80 MW · PUE 1,18
Malmö (SE4 zone) twins with Copenhagen via the Øresund bridge. South Swedish wind + DK imports. PPAs €45–62/MWh.
PPA 45–62 €/MWhLatency 18 ms - 🇳🇴
Bergen — Norway
70 MW · PUE 1,10
Bergen and the NO5 coast deliver hydro at €30–44/MWh. Lefdal Mine, Green Mountain DC1-Stavanger, fjord free-cooling.
PPA 30–44 €/MWhLatency 32 ms - 🇪🇸
Valencia — Spain
90 MW · PUE 1,38
Valencia combines Mediterranean solar (1,700 kWh/kWp) and cable landings. REE PPAs €48–66/MWh.
PPA 48–66 €/MWhLatency 22 ms - 🇪🇸
Seville — Spain
65 MW · PUE 1,40
Andalusia produces 24% of Spanish solar. PPAs €45–62/MWh, AWS, Microsoft, Meta are building there.
PPA 45–62 €/MWhLatency 25 ms - 🇵🇹
Porto — Portugal
55 MW · PUE 1,36
Porto leverages Atlantic wind and 2Africa/EllaLink landings. REN PPAs €55–72/MWh.
PPA 55–72 €/MWhLatency 18 ms - 🇮🇹
Rome — Italy
110 MW · PUE 1,42
Rome hosts government + sovereign cloud data centers (Polo Strategico Nazionale). Lazio solar, Terna PPAs €75–95/MWh.
PPA 75–95 €/MWhLatency 14 ms - 🇮🇹
Naples — Italy
45 MW · PUE 1,44
Naples grows Mezzogiorno data centers (PNRR funds). Apulia solar 1,600 kWh/kWp, BlueMed landings.
PPA 68–88 €/MWhLatency 22 ms - 🇵🇱
Kraków — Poland
65 MW · PUE 1,42
Kraków concentrates BPO/IT (Cisco, IBM, Google R&D). PSE coal-renewable mix in transition, PPAs €78–98/MWh.
PPA 78–98 €/MWhLatency 16 ms - 🇵🇱
Wrocław — Poland
55 MW · PUE 1,43
Wrocław, near the DE border, benefits from wind imports. Free PSE capacity, low land cost. PPAs €75–95/MWh.
PPA 75–95 €/MWhLatency 14 ms - 🇨🇿
Brno — Czechia
50 MW · PUE 1,41
Brno offers a Prague alternative with Temelín/Dukovany nuclear (~35% of mix). ČEPS PPAs €70–88/MWh.
PPA 70–88 €/MWhLatency 12 ms - 🇱🇹
Vilnius — Lithuania
45 MW · PUE 1,40
Vilnius benefits from EU sync since 2025 (BRELL exit). Klaipėda offshore wind, PPAs €60–78/MWh.
PPA 60–78 €/MWhLatency 25 ms - 🇱🇻
Riga — Latvia
40 MW · PUE 1,41
Riga combines Daugava hydro (~40%) and wind. AST PPAs €58–75/MWh, EU sync 2025.
PPA 58–75 €/MWhLatency 23 ms - 🇭🇷
Zagreb — Croatia
35 MW · PUE 1,43
Zagreb is the Adriatic gateway. HOPS blends hydro (~50%) and Dalmatian solar. PPAs €62–80/MWh.
PPA 62–80 €/MWhLatency 18 ms - 🇫🇷
Toulouse — France
60 MW · PUE 1,33
Toulouse hosts the Airbus AI factory + space cluster. Occitanie solar 1,500 kWh/kWp, RTE PPAs €55–72/MWh.
PPA 55–72 €/MWhLatency 8 ms - 🇫🇷
Bordeaux — France
55 MW · PUE 1,32
Bordeaux lands Amitié and Dunant (transatlantic). Nouvelle-Aquitaine solar, RTE PPAs €55–70/MWh.
PPA 55–70 €/MWhLatency 10 ms