Expert brief
Pay-as-produced PPA: the real renewable profile
Updated 2026-06-06•By Antoine Cazals — Voltarione•Read ~3 min
A pay-as-produced (PaP) PPA bills the buyer on the park's actual hourly output. Lower price (€5–10/MWh discount) but the buyer carries profile risk.
Who is it for?
Data centers and industrials with load flexibility (batch AI training, H2 electrolyser).
Risks
Solar midday price cannibalisation, nighttime baseload gap, balancing fee.
Sources & references
Data and methodologies based on:
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